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ramdenime dRis winaT aSS-is prezidentma donald trampma ierusalimi israelis dedaqalaqad aRiara.
aSS-is mxridan israelis dedaqalaqad ierusalimis aRiareba jorj buSis winasaarCevno dapireba iyo, Tumca man aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisgan Tavi Seikava. ierusalims gaerosgan gayofili erTeulis, Corpus Separatum-is statusi aqvs miniWebuli. qalaqs rogorc israeli, aseve palestina sakuTar dedaqalaqad ganixilavs. analitikosebi wlebia SiSoben, rom aSS-is mxridan ierusalimis israelis dedaqalaqad aRiareba regionSi konfliqtis gamwvavebas gamoiwvevs.
ratom dadga trampis dRis wesrigSi ierusalimis israelis dedaqalaqad aRiarebis aucilebloba? am da sxva sakiTxebze politologi aslan lorTqifaniZe gvesaubra, romelmac israel-palestinis konfliqti da am or saxelmwifos Soris arsebuli dRevandeli urTierToba mimoixila.
– Zveli welTaRricxviT pirvel saukuneSi dRevandeli israelisa da palestinis teritoriaze ebrauli saxelmwifoebi iyo ganTavsebuli. Tumca, axali welTaRricxviT 70 wels, ebraelebs iZulebiT daatovebines ierusalimi, rogorc sasjeli romis imperiisadmi ajanyebisTvis. mogvianebiT maTma umetesobam palestinis teritoriebic miatova, amjerad ki – nebayoflobiT da sxva qveynebSi migrirdnen. dResdReobiT, palestinis miwebze arabi mosaxleoba saxlobs, romlebic aq xalifatis mier dapyrobis Semdeg, merve saukuneSi gadmosaxldnen. aRmosavleTis konfliqtis saTaved SeiZleba CaiTvalos 1948 wlis 14 maiss israelis saxelmwifos Seqmna. es gadawyvetileba gaeros generalur asambleaze miiRes, iseve, rogorc 1974 wlis 29 noembers palestinis teritoriaze inglisis mandatis gauqmeba da erT miwaze ori – ebrauli da arabuli saxelmwifos Seqmna. aman regionSi viTarebis cvlilebas misca dasabami, rac gulisxmobda msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan ebraelTa talRis modinebas da arabebs Soris dasaxlebas, ramac, bunebrivia, arabuli samyaro gaaRiziana, palestineli arabebis Seviwroebis faqtorad iqna aRqmuli da arcTu usafuZvlod. gaeros rezoluciis Tanaxmad, palestinis teritoria arabul da ebraul teritoriebad gaiyo, Sesabamisad 43,5/56,5-procentiani SefardebiT, ierusalimi ki saerTaSoriso kontrols daqvemdebarebul qalaqad gamocxadda. im faqtma, rom arabebi mosaxleobis raodenobiT ebraelebs aRematebodnen da nakleb teritorias flobdnen, usamarTlobis gancda gaaRviva xalxSi da interesTa konfliqti saomar moqmedebebSi gadazarda. omi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1948 wlis 14 maiss daiwyo da masSi palestinis garda, kidev 5 arabuli saxelmwifo monawileobda -egvipte, iordania, siria, libani da erayi. saomari qmedebebi palestinisTvis arcTu saxarbielod damTavrda, radgan gamarjveba israels darCa da meti teritoria miiRo `rodosis zavis~ Tanaxmad. palestina-israelis 1948 wlis omis SedegebiT, am ukanasknelis gavlena gavrcelda ierusalimis dasavleT nawilzec, aRmosavleT ierusalimi ki iordanias daeqvemdebara. Razas seqtori egviptis gamgeblobaSi aRmoCnda, 1950 wels ki israelis mTavroba dasavleT ierusalimSi gadavida da igi dedaqalaqad gamoacxada. situacia kidev ufro gamwvavda 1967 wlis eqvsdRiani omis Semdeg, romliTac israelma moipova kontroli aRmosavleT ierusalimsa da md. iordanes dasavleT napirze, arabuli raionebis CaTvliT. es is teritoriebia, romlebic dRemde davis sagnad rCeba israelsa da palestinas Soris. konfliqtis mogvarebaSi, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo CaerTo, maT Soris aSS. maTi iniciativiT mowveuli iyo araerTi konferencia, romlebzec iqmneboda ebraul-arabuli komisiebi. gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa 1993 wlis seqtembris SeTanxmeba, romelic daido israelsa da palestinas Soris, norvegiis dedaqalaq osloSi. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, unda Seqmniliyo palestinuri avtonomia Razas seqtorsa da ieriqonSi, Camoyalibebuliyo palestinis policia da administracia. osloSi dawyebuli molaparakebebis daskvniTi akordi vaSingtonSi gaformda bil klintonis monawileobiT, rodesac israelis premier-ministrma icxak rabinma da palestinis warmomadgenelma iasir arafatma TavianTi xelmoweriT daadastures mSvidobis damyarebis survili, es ki oslos xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli punqtebis Sesrulebas gulisxmobda. israel-palestinis molaparakebebi ukve ramdenime welia CixSi Sevida. palestinelebis gancxadebiT, isini molaparakebebs im pirobiT ganaaxleben, Tu israeli palestinis teritoriaze ebraelTa dasaxlebebis mSeneblobas SeaCerebs da yvela politpatimars gaaTavisuflebs, israelis pozicia ki am sakiTxze Semdegia – palestinelebi molaparakebis magidas winapirobebis gareSe unda daubrundnen. bolo periodSi palestinaSi gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurdnen radikalurad ganwyobili Zalebi, romlebsac miznis misaRwev mTavar saSualebad terorizmi miaCndaT. isini axorcielebdnen teroristul aqtebs sadavo teritoriebze, maT ki `valSi ar rCeba~ israelic, romelic, Tavis mxriv, damsjel politikas atarebs. Zaladoba kidev ufro did Zaladobas iwvevs. mis yvelaze sisxlian gamovlinebad iqca axlad Camoyalibebuli dajgufebebi: `hamasi~, `islamuri jihadi~ da `al-aqsas wamebulTa brigadebi~. am organizaciebSic iyofa azri. erTni israelis ganadgurebas isaxaven miznad, meoreni ki fiqroben, rom es ararealuria da mTavaria koncentrirdnen palestinis deokupaciaze, raTa SemdgomSi mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba SeZlon. samwuxaroa faqti, rom teroristuli qmedebebi dResac ar wydeba. ebraelebs, muslimanebsa da qristianebs TavianTi ukompromiso poziciis gasamyareblad religiuri argumentebi mohyavT. konfliqtis istoriaSi Zalian did rols religia da rCeuli eris ideis interpretireba, aRTqmuli miwa da wminda qalaqi – ierusalimi TamaSobs, romelic sa-mive religiis centrad iTvleba. amrigad, israelsa da palestinas Soris arsebul konfliqts jerjerobiT bolo ar uCans. miuxedavad Zalisxmevisa, romelsac ar iSurebs saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, es qveynebi mzad ar arian raime daTmobaze wasasvlelad.
– rogor fiqrobT, ratom dadga aRiarebis aucilebloba trampis dRis wesrigSi da ra mizans emsaxureba misi gancxadeba?
– gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli rezoluciiT, qalaqi ierusalimi gayofilia aRmosavleT da dasavleT nawilebad. gayofili nawilebi 1967 wlamde ar Sedioda arc erTi qveynis iurisdiqciaSi da masze saerTaSoriso reJimi vrceldeboda. Tumca mis dasavleT nawils ebraelebi akontrolebdnen, xolo aRmosavleT nawils – palestinelebi. iordaniam moaxdina aRmosavleT ierusalimis okupacia. israelma TavdacviTi brZolebis Sedegad moaxerxa iordaniis damarcxeba da 1967 wels aRmosavleT ierusalimis okupacia. gaeros damokidebuleba am faqtis gamo Seicvala da mis yvela rezoluciaSi aRmosavleT ierusalimi iTvleba palestinur (arabul) teritoriad. gaero gmobs mis okupacias israelis mier. Tumca 1995 wels aSS-is orpartiulma kongresma miiRo `ierusalimis saelCos aqti~, romelic prezidents amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos ierusalimSi gadatanas da am qalaqis orive nawilis israelis dedaqalaqad aRiarebas avaldebulebs, Tumca amerikis yvela prezidenti, amave kanoniT miniWebuli uflebiT, bolo 23 welia misi aRsrulebis 6 Tvis vadiT gadadebas axdenda. analogiurad iqceva prezidenti trampic. miuxedavad amisa, amoqmedebis vadis gadavadebasTan erTad man ierusalimi israelis dedaqalaqad aRiara, kanonis gadavadebis mizezad ki saelCos gadatanisTvis saWiro dro daasaxela. prezidenti trampi mxars uWers palestinis saxelmwifos aRiarebas, mis sazRvrebSi mdinare iordanes dasavleT sanapirosa da aRmosavleT ierusalimis moqcevas anu dasavleT ierusalimis israelis, xolo aRmosavleT ierusalimis palestinis dedaqalaqad aRiarebas, Tumca mis realizebas konfliqturi mxareebis SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi apirebs, rac verasdros moxdeba. ierusalimis israelis dedaqalaqad aRiareba trampis winasaarCevno dapireba iyo, man buSisgan gansxvavebiT, piroba Seasrula. am gadawyvetilebas mxars ar uWeren evrokavSiris saxelmwifoebis umravlesoba, `arabuli liga~, evrokavSiris qveynebi da ruseTi.
– batono aslan, trampis mowodebis miuxedavad, evropis qveynebi israelis dedaqalaqad ierusalimis aRiarebas ar Cqaroben. ratom? ramdenad marTebuli iyo Statebis prezidentis es nabiji da Seesabameba Tu ara realobas?
– 1995 wels aSS-is mier miRebuli `ierusalimis saelCos aqti~ ewinaaRmdegeba gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebul rezoluciebs anu warmoadgens saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebis ugulebelyofas, iseve, rogorc `kosovos~ aRiareba aSS-is mier aCens kiTxvis niSnebs. prezidentma trampma am calmxrivi gadawyvetilebiT aSS-s daakargvina mTavari Suamavlis roli palestinasa da israels Soris, gamoiwvia ganxeTqileba dasavleTis qveynebs Soris, gaamwvava axlo aRmosavleTis konfliqti. evrokavSiris qveynebi aTwleulebia mxars uWeren gaeros rezoluciebs, romlis mixedviTac aRmosavleT ierusalimze vrceldeba palestinis iurisdiqcia, dagmobilia am teritoriaze israelis okupacia da israels avaldebulebs iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli arabuli mosaxleobis dabrunebas mis mier kontrolirebad teritoriebze. isini araTu ar Cqaroben, aramed arc apireben ierusalimis orive nawilis aRiarebas israelis dedaqalaqad, radgan aRniSnuli qveynebi am gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCndebian separatizmis gamwvavebisa da teritoriebis gadaxedvis problemis winaSe, gaufuWdebaT arabul qveynebTan urTierTobebi, gamwvavdeba terorizmi.
– muslimanuri samyaro gmobs amerikis prezidentis gadawyvetilebas. rogorc cnobilia, `islamuri TanamSromlobis organizaciis~ samitze palestina damoukidebel saxelmwifod, xolo aRmosavleT ierusalimi mis okupirebul dedaqalaqad gamocxadda. xom ar niSnavs es Ria dapirispirebas muslimanur da danarCen samyaros Soris?
– man ukve gaamwvava religiuri niSniTac dapirispireba axlo aRmosavleTSi, radgan ierusal-imi sami didi religiis wminda adgilia da masze mxolod israelis kontrolis aRiareba aCens uTanasworobis gancdas.
– federika mogerinis azriT, palestina-israeli Tavad unda SeTanxmdnen sadavo sakiTxze, situacia kidev ufro rom ar daiZabos…
– es SeTanxmeba verasdros Sedgeba saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis aqtiuri Carevis da orive mxareze zewolis gareSe. samarTliani iqneba, Tu am zewolis Sedegad moxdeba palestinis saxelmwifos aRiareba, romlis iurisdiqciaSi Seva mdinare iordanes dasavleTi nawili dedaqalaqiT – aRmosavleT ierusalimi, xolo israelis dedaqalaqad moxdeba dasavleT ierusalimis aRiareba. dasavleT ierusalimSi karga xania isedac funqcionirebs israelis mTavroba, sasamarTloebi da sxva saxelmwifo institutebi.
– ra SeTanxmebebi Sedga 1967 da 1980 wlebSi, razec mogerini da erdoRani apelireben?
– 1967 wlis SeTanxmebiT aRmosavleT ierusalimi da mdinare iordanes dasavleT sanapiro aRiarebulia palestinis teritoriad da dagmobilia masze israelis okupacia. am dromde ierusalimis orive nawili saerTaSoriso kontrols eqvemdebareboda da ar iyo dapirispirebuli mxareebis iurisdiqciaSi.
– im fonze, roca evropis qveynebi Tavs ikaveben aRiarebisgan, saqarTvelom ra pozicia unda daikavos?
– wavikiTxe saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros oficialuri gancxadeba da is pasuxobs Cvens nacionalur interesebs. saqarTvelom sruliad gasagebi mizezebis gamo 2008 wels ver aRiara kosovos damoukidebloba, aseve, ar Sedis Cvens nacionalur interesebSi ierusalimis orive nawilis israelis dedaqalaqad aRiareba, radgan okupirebulia Cveni teritoriebi da sifrTxiliT vekidebiT sazRvrebis cvlilebas msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. am faqts gagebiT xvdebian Cveni partniorebi aSS da israeli, iseve, rogorc Cven vekidebiT gagebiT saqarTvelos okupirebul teritoriebze iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis Sesaxeb gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli rezoluciebis mxardaWeraze israelis TavSekavebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu oficialuri Tel-avivi mxars dauWers aRniSnul rezoluciebs, is verafriT daasabuTebs ratom ar uWers mxars da ar aRasrulebs gaeros analogiur gadawyvetilebebs iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli palestineli arabebis israelis mier kontrolirebad teritoriebze dabrunebis Sesaxeb.