როგორ ამოვიცნოთ აუტიზმის ნიშნები და როდის მივმართოთ სპეციალისტს?

mariam xiTariSvili 27 48 93 –

arc ise didi xnis win, autisturi speqtris aSliloba iSviaTi iyo, bolo xans ki sagrZnoblad gaxSirda. saerTaSoriso monacemebiT, 2000 wels Tu es darRveva hqonda 150-dan erT bavSvs, xolo 2006 wels – 110-dan erTs, 2012 wlidan, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis daavadebaTa kontrolisa da prevenciis centris monacemebiT, yoveli 36 bavSvidan erTs aReniSneba. autizmis niSnebi SesaZlebelia gansxvavebulad gamovlindes asakisa da individualuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. specialistebis ganmartebiT, TiTqmis ar arsebobs autisturi speqtris mqone ori adamiani, romelTac erTnairi niSnebi aqvT.
qcevis saerTaSoriso analitikosi, bavSvTa ganviTarebis centr `mozaikis~ damfuZnebeli da direqtori nino doliZe gvesaubreba im sayuradRebo niSnebze, romelic SeiZleba miuTiTebdes bavSvebSi autisturi speqtris aSlilobaze.
– ramdenad mniSvnelovania autisturi speqtris mqone bavSvis specialistTan droulad miyvana?
– autisturi speqtris mqone bavSvis specialistTan droulad miyvanas gadamwyveti mniSvnelobac ki aqvs. 0-dan 3 wlamde periodi aris oqros periodi, roca bavSvebi RrublebiviT isrutaven axal unarebs, Sesabamisad, ufro didi Sansia, rom momavalSi met-naklebad moixsnan autizmis niSnebi. autizmi ar aris daavadeba, es aris mdgomareoba, romelic mTeli cxovreba narCundeba. Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs medikamenti, romliTac es mdgomareoba ganikurneba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erTaderTi „mkurnalobis meTodi“ aris qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizi, qceviTi Terapia, romelsac bavSvis adapturi, socialuri unarebis gaumjobesebisken mivyavarT. Uunda mivideT iqamde, rom bavSvi sazogadoebaSi sruliad sworad adaptirdes da adekvaturad CaerTos sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo, kulturul Tu sxva RonisZiebaSi.
– ra niSnebis gamovlenisas unda miviyvanoT bavSvi specialistTan?
– asakis mixedviT autizmis niSnebi SeiZleba orgvarad gamovlindes. erT SemTxvevaSi socialuri unarebis deficiti Tavidanve SesamCnevia, magaliTad, socialuri Rimilis arqona, mzeriTi kontaqtis simcire. Mmeore SemTxvevaSi ganviTareba tipurad mimdinareobs, Tumca daaxloebiT 18 Tvidan aRiniSneba ganviTarebis SeCereba, an regresi. im sityvebsac ki iviwyeben bavSvebi, romlebsac adre komunikaciis procesSi iyenebdnen. aucilebelia vicodeT, ra niSnebs unda davakvirdeT adreul asakSi. pirveli da yvelaze mniSvnelovani saxelze reagirebis nakleboba an arqonaa. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu bavSvi TamaSSia CarTuli, SemTxvevaTa 80%-Si mainc unda moaxerxos sakuTar saxelze reagireba. meore niSani mzeriTi kontaqtis nakleboba an ararsebobaa. patara sxvadasxva TamaSis drosac unda akvirdebodes ufrosis saxis gamometyvelebis, xmis tembris cvlilebas da masTan xSirad unda amyarebdes mzeriT kontaqts. Tu es unari bavSvs ar aqvs, amanac SeiZleba migviTiTos, rom mas SeiZleba autizmi hqondes. erT-erTi niSani aris, aseve, arafunqciuri TamaSi, rac niSnavs imas, rom bavSvi funqciis Sesabamisad ar iyenebs saTamaSos. magaliTad, nacvlad imisa, rom manqana gaagoros, SeiZleba, ubralod, misi borblebi daatrialos, an nacvlad imisa, rom kubikebiT saxli aaSenos, SeiZleba isini zomis an feris mixedviT Caamwkrivos. Semdegi niSani aris ganmeorebiTi qcevis paterni, igive stereotipuli qceva. SeiZleba bavSvi trialebdes, irweodes, atrialebdes xels, an aReniSnebodes sxeulis sxva nawiliT msgavsi ganmeorebiTi moZraobebi. aseve, unda aRiniSnos sensoruli sirTuleebi, rac, ra Tqma unda, SeiZleba autizmis mqone yvela adamians ar axasiaTebdes, Tumca Zalian xSiria. sensorul sirTuleebSi igulisxmeba mgrZnobelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. magaliTad, SeiZleba ar moswondes xmauri da yurze ifarebdes xels, an piriqiT, Zalian moswondes xmamaRali bgerebi da dinamikebTanac ki idges, rom es SeigrZnos, Zalian moswondes sinaTle da sul mas eZebdes, Zalian moswondes triali da sirbili, an piriqiT, eridebodes msgavs moZraobebs. erT-erTi mTavari niSani, rac autizmis definiciisTvisac aris ganmsazRvreli, aris vokaluri da aravokaluri komunikaciis sirTule. SeiZleba bavSvma icodes saubari, bevri sityva, magram ar iyenebdes mas komunikaciis dasamyareblad. SeiZleba icodes sityva `Sokoladis~ warmoTqma, magram amjobinebs, waiyvanos mSobeli da aCvenos is, vidre Tqvas – Sokoladi minda. SeiZleba leqsebsac ambobdnen, imeorebdnen multfilmSi gagonil sityvebs, magram ar iyenebdnen maT komunikaciis dros. SeiZleba bavSvs aseve aReniSnebodes eqolaliebi, rac sityvebis gameorebas niSnavs. magaliTad, Tu maT SeekiTxebiT, ra gqvia? gipasuxebT – ra gqvia. socialuri unarebis sirTuleze roca vsaubrobT, mSoblebs hgoniaT, es gamoixateba mxolod imaSi, rom bavSvs ar unda kontaqti ucxo adamianTan an TanatolebTan da ase Semdeg. SeiZleba swored asec iyos, magram gvaviwydeba meore disfunqcia, rac ukavSirdeba imas, rom bavSvs SeiZleba piriqiT, zedmetad undodes komunikacia, maT Soris ucnob adamianebTan. yvelas SeiZleba eubnebodes gamarjobas, yvelasTan mivides, Caexutos da am dros uWirs nacnobebis da ucnobebis garCeva. esec SeiZleba socialuri unarebis sirTuled CaiTvalos. ra Tqma unda, ar aris aucilebeli, rom CamoTvlili niSnebidan yvela axasiaTebdes bavSvs, imisTvis, rom es diagnozi daesvas. arsebobs specialuri instrumenti – adosis testi, romliTac swored autizmis diagnostireba xdeba.
– stigmaze ras ityviT, ratom uWirT mSoblebs an ojaxis wevrebs am diagnozis aRiareba?
– mas Semdeg, rac mSobeli igebs bavSvis diagnozs, erT-erTi pirveli faza aris uaryofa. ver ijereben, rom es diagnozi SeiZleba iyos simarTle da Semdeg ukve Tavis gasamarTlebladac eZeben gzebs – CemTan akeTebs, Cems daZaxilze reagirebs, es TqvenTan ar gaakeTa da a.S. es aris pirveli bunebrivi reaqcia. imisTvis, rom mSobeli aRiarebamde mivides, Zalian didi gzaa gasavleli. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa moviZioT informacia, rasTan gvaqvs saqme. es uaryofa SeiZleba informaciis naklebobamac gamoiwvios. gavigeT, rom bavSvs aqvs autizmi, magram SeiZleba warmodgenac ar gvqondes, rasTan SeiZleba iyos es dakavSirebuli, rogor vlindebodes, ra iqneba momavalSi. . . es SiSic ganapirobebs uaryofis fazas. rac Seexeba TviTon stigmas, SeiZleba mivideT iqamde, sakuTar TavTan vaRiaroT, rom Cvens bavSvs aqvs autizmi da unda davexmaroT, magram Cveni kulturuli maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba qarTvel mSoblebs win gvqondes wamoweuli – „sxvebi ras ityvian“. ra Tqma unda, saTqmelad advilia da Sesasrulebad rTuli, magram „sxva ras ityvis“-ze gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, rogor ganviTardeba Cveni Svili da rogor momavals SevuqmniT mas. Aamitom aucilebelia drouli diagnostireba da Terapiebis dawyeba. imisaTvis, rom uaryofis faza advilad gadavlaxoT, kargi iqneba sadme gaerTianeba, Tundac socialuri qselis iseT jgufSi, sadac msgavsi diagnozis mqone bavSvebis mSoblebi arian da iqidan miviRoT mxardaWera, an moviZioT garkveuli videoebi, movisminoT, wavikiTxoT specialistebis Canawerebi da a.S.
– axla ra mdgomareobaa cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT, gazrdilia momarTvianoba, Tu aris dagvianebis SemTxvevebic?
– stigma, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, mainc narCundeba, mainc aqvs zogierT mSobels imis SiSi, vinmem ar gaigos misi Svilis diagnozis Sesaxeb, miuxedavad imisa, rom centrebSi konfidencialuria maT Sesaxeb informacia. cdiloben, Tavidan airidon zogadad am diagnozis miReba, magram saerTo mdgomareobas rom gadavxedoT, cnobiereba amaRlebulia. axalgazrda mSoblebi TavianTi Svilebis ganviTarebas akvirdebian, aqvT meti saSualeba, moiZion amis Sesaxeb informacia da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dasaxmareblad mimarTaven fsiqologebs. momarTvianobac gazrdilia, magram SeiZleba es im kuTxiTac xdeba, rom TviTon autizmis mqone pirTa fizikuri maCvenebelia gazrdili. ra Tqma unda, dagvianebuli SemTxvevebic aris, magram ZiriTadad maSin, Tu bavSvi aris maRalfunqciuri, adapturi unarebi kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli da kargad metyvelebs. am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba skolaSi Seyvanisas, pirvel klasSi aRmoaCinon, rom mas SesaZloa autizmi hqondes. gogonebis SemTxvevaSic vawydebiT dagvianebul diagnostirebas, rodesac socialuri unarebis naklebobas gogonebis simorcxves miaweren, Tumca am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba ukve sagakveTilo procesebSi raRac niSnebi gamovlindes da Semdeg moxdes diagnostireba. unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom aWaris regionSi gansakuTrebiT didi fufuneba gvaqvs autisturi speqtris mqone bavSvebis Terapiebis dafinansebis kuTxiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amanac ganapiroba uaryofis fazis male gadalaxva. mSoblebi xvdebian, rom SeuZliaT isargeblon ufaso programiT, rac sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesebs maTi Svilebis mdgomareobas da kidev ufro ganviTarebuls gaxdis maT.